Depression is a mental disorder where a person has a prolonged period of sadness,
unhappiness, helplessness, hopelessness or worthlessness. These feelings often get
worse over a period of time, causing a person to have feelings of self- doubt, severe
despondency and dejection.
Depression is an extremely common illness. There are approximately 350 million people
living in the world today who are affected by it and it is the leading cause for
a visit to see a GP or doctor. Depression also has a stigma attached to it that people
who suffer from it are weak which leads to them not seeking treatment - less than
half of all of the people with depression are currently engaging in any kind of treatment
for it. Long- lasting and moderate or severe depression can be a serious health condition.
It can cause an affected person to suffer terribly, leading to problems with work,
breakdowns in close relationships and lead to poor physical health.
The worst cases of depression can lead to a sufferer taking his or her own life.
An estimated 1 million people worldwide every year commit suicide because of depression.
Half of all the people who die by suicide have major depressive disorder.
The World Health Organization have reported that by the year 2020, depression will
be the second biggest cause of premature death in the world, heart disease will be
the only illness or disease that causes more.What Causes Depression?
There are many different causes of depression. It has many different triggers and
there are multiple reasons it can develop.
Personal Factors are known to trigger depression. Those who have a tendency to worry
a lot, have low self- esteem, are sensitive to personal criticism, are severely overweight,
perfectionists, or those with a self- critical and a negative mindset all have a higher
risk of developing the condition.
Depression has been known to run in families and some people will be at an increased
hereditary or genetic risk. This does not mean that a person will automatically experience
depression if a parent or close relative has had the illness though. Life circumstances
and other personal factors are still likely to have an important influence.
Having a serious medical illness can trigger depression in two ways. Serious illnesses
can bring about depression directly, or can contribute to depression through associated
stress and worry, especially if it involves long- term management of the illness and/or
chronic pain.
Drug and alcohol use can both lead to and result from depression. Many people with
depression also have drug and alcohol problems.
Symptoms of Depression
Signs and symptoms of depression include:
- Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness.
A bleak outlook—nothing will ever get better and there’s nothing you can do to improve your situation. - Loss of interest in daily activities.
No interest in former hobbies, pastimes, social activities, or sex. You’ve lost your ability to feel joy and pleasure. - Appetite or weight changes.
Significant weight loss or weight gain—a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month. - Sleep changes.
Either insomnia, especially waking in the early hours of the morning, or oversleeping. - Anger or irritability.
Feeling agitated, restless, or even violent. Your tolerance level is low, your temper short, and everything and everyone gets on your nerves. - Loss of energy.
Feeling fatigued, sluggish, and physically drained. Your whole body may feel heavy, and even small tasks are exhausting or take longer to complete. - Self-
loathing.
Strong feelings of worthlessness or guilt. You harshly criticize yourself for perceived faults and mistakes. - Reckless behavior.
You engage in escapist behavior such as substance abuse, compulsive gambling, reckless driving, or dangerous sports. - Concentration problems.
Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things. - Unexplained aches and pains.
An increase in physical complaints such as headaches, back pain, aching muscles, and stomach pain.


